Universal Account Benchmark

Transaction speed benchmark tool for Particle Network Universal Account.

Result

sendTransactionTotal Statistics:
  Runs: 10
  Mean: 371.41ms
  Median: 351.11ms
  Min: 131.30ms
  Max: 770.58ms
  Std Dev: 185.00ms
  All values: [131.30, 167.83, 187.09, 308.68, 345.29, 356.92, 439.08, 451.32, 555.95, 770.58]

Source Chain: SOLANA , Target Chain: SOLANA

sendTransactionTotal Statistics:
  Runs: 5
  Mean: 628.31ms
  Median: 548.05ms
  Min: 512.46ms
  Max: 911.04ms
  Std Dev: 148.50ms
  All values: [512.46, 527.08, 548.05, 642.91, 911.04]

Source Chain: BASE , Target Chain: SOLANA

sendTransactionTotal Statistics:
  Runs: 5
  Mean: 1194.21ms
  Median: 1107.94ms
  Min: 948.53ms
  Max: 1759.93ms
  Std Dev: 290.49ms
  All values: [948.53, 1019.25, 1107.94, 1135.38, 1759.93]

Source Chain: SOLANA , Target Chain: BASE

Features

• Transaction speed testing for Universal Account
• Support for multiple chains (Solana, BSC, Base, Ethereum, etc.)
• Optional WebSocket for transaction status updates (race with polling)
• Optional user-assets WSS subscription for real-time balance updates
• Statistical analysis of transaction times
• Classic and EIP-7702 mode support
• Per-method Datadog tracing via separate RPC endpoints

Installation

npm install

Configuration

Copy .env.example to .env and fill in your credentials:

cp .env.example .env

Required environment variables:

• PROJECT_ID: Your Particle project ID
• PROJECT_CLIENT_KEY: Your Particle client key
• PROJECT_APP_UUID: Your Particle app UUID
• PRIVATE_KEY_SOLANA: Private key for Solana transactions
• PRIVATE_KEY_BSC: Private key for BSC transactions
• PRIVATE_KEY_BASE: Private key for Base transactions
• PRIVATE_KEY_ETHEREUM: Private key for Ethereum transactions

Optional environment variables:

• UNIVERSALX_RPC_URL: Custom RPC endpoint (default: https://universal-rpc-proxy.particle.network)
• UNIVERSALX_WSS_URL: Custom WSS endpoint (default: wss://universal-app-ws-proxy.particle.network)

Note: Only use EVM private keys, even for Solana — Universal Account uses ECDSA on Solana as well.

Usage

# Run with default settings (1 run on Solana)
npm start

# Run multiple times
npm start -- --runTimes=10

# Use EIP-7702 mode
npm start -- --uaMode=7702 --runTimes=10

# Test on different chains
npm start -- --sourceChain=solana --targetChain=bsc --runTimes=5

# Adjust fee rate and MEV settings
npm start -- --feeRate=2 --bribeAmount=0.001 --mevProtection=1

# Enable WSS for transaction tracking (race with polling)
npm start -- --runTimes=3 --sourceChain=solana --wssMode=true

# Skip token warmup
npm start -- --runTimes=3 --sourceChain=solana --warmup=false

# Only test account setup + user-assets WSS (no transactions)
npm start -- --runTimes=0 --userAssetsWss=true

# Show help
npm start -- --help

Address

1. Use --runTimes=0 to get the Universal Account addresses without running transactions
2. If you are using --uaMode=7702, the EVM chain's Universal Account address is also the EOA address

Command Line Options

Option	Default	Description
--uaMode=<classic|7702>	classic	Universal Account mode
--runTimes=<number>	1	Number of benchmark runs (0 = skip transactions)
--sourceChain=<chain>	solana	Source chain
--targetChain=<chain>	same as source	Target chain
--feeRate=<number>	1	Priority fee rate
--bribeAmount=<number>	0	Solana MEV tip amount
--mevProtection=<number>	2	MEV protection level
--wssMode=<true|false>	false	Use WebSocket for transaction status updates
--userAssetsWss=<true|false>	false	Subscribe to user-assets WSS for real-time balance updates
--warmup=<true|false>	true	Enable token warmup before transactions
--help, -h		Show help message

Supported Chains

Source Chains

• Solana
• BSC (BNB Smart Chain)
• Base

Target Chains

• Solana
• BSC
• Base
• Ethereum
• X Layer
• Monad
• Optimism
• Arbitrum
• Polygon
• Berachain
• Mantle
• Sonic
• Avalanche

Metrics

The benchmark measures the following timing metrics:

1. getSmartAccountOptions: Time to fetch smart account configuration
2. getPrimaryAssets: Time to fetch portfolio balances
3. warmup: Token warmup time (cold start avoidance)
4. createBuyTransaction: Time to create a buy transaction
5. sendTransaction: Time to submit the transaction
6. getTransaction: Time to confirm transaction completion (polling, or WSS+polling race when --wssMode=true)
7. sendTransactionTotal: Total time from send to confirmation
8. createBuy+sendTotal: End-to-end from transaction creation to confirmation

When --userAssetsWss=true: 9. userAssetsWssInitialLoad: Initial asset delivery time via WSS 10. userAssetsWssPostTxUpdate: Balance update time after transaction completion

Statistics provided for each metric: mean, median, min, max, standard deviation, and all individual values.

Development

# Build TypeScript
npm run build

# Run from source
npm run dev

Example

For a complete integration example, see universal-account-example.

License

MIT